The Azores occupy a privileged position in the Atlantic for observing and studying cetaceans. The archipelago acts as a true marine oasis: nutrient-rich currents attract fish and squid that, in turn, feed a diverse community of whales and dolphins. For visitors (whether for tourism or research) the experience combines a natural spectacle with high-value scientific opportunities.
Around 27 cetacean species can be observed in Azorean waters throughout the year. The most notable include the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) and the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). The presence and seasonality of each species depend on migratory routes and prey availability, influenced by the dynamics of the ocean currents that bathe the archipelago.
Impressive curiosities
Sperm whale: the largest toothed animal on the planet and a year-round visitor to Azorean waters. Known for extreme dives, it can reach depths exceeding 2,000 meters and remain submerged for nearly 90 minutes.
Blue whale: the largest animal in the world, seen more frequently in spring when migratory populations move toward colder, krill-rich waters.
Social behaviour: species such as the humpback whale display complex social behaviours — breaching, acrobatics and songs are examples of communication and interaction that fascinate both observers and scientists..
Cetacean research in the Azores goes far beyond tourist observation. Local and international scientific programs carry out studies on ecology, genetics, acoustics and migratory movements. Among the most used techniques are photo-identification, which allows researchers to track individuals over time through unique markings, and the use of drones to record behavior and collect data without disturbing the animals. Acoustic studies, environmental sampling and isotope analyses also help map migratory routes, foraging strategies and responses to human threats.
Conservation and sustainable tourism
Whale-watching is economically important for local communities, but it also brings conservation responsibilities. Approach guidelines, training for guides and collaboration between operators and scientists are essential to minimize impacts. The combination of responsible tourism and scientific research helps monitor populations and inform public policies that protect both species and marine habitats.
The Azores remain a natural laboratory and a privileged destination for discovering the diversity and complexity of whales. The continuous presence of researchers in the archipelago, combined with more conscientious tourism practices, helps ensure that these waters continue to protect and reveal the secrets of cetaceans for generations to come.
